By G. J. Boulnois, I. S. Roberts (auth.), Prof. Dr. Klaus Jann, Dr. Barbara Jann (eds.)
Many micro organism, resembling definite Neisseria and Haemophilus or Escherichia coli, may be able to face up to the bactericidal task of supplement and phagocytes. This bacterial self defense is caused via encapsulation. Bacterial pills therefore permit the pathogenic micro organism to outlive within the host through counter motion or evasion of the nonspecific host protection within the early pre immune section of infection. it is just within the past due immune section of the an infection, while particular anticapsular antibodies are shaped and implement the host's safeguard method, that this protecting motion is triumph over. Encapsulated micro organism are then killed and eradicated. curiously, a few drugs cannot or in basic terms inefficiently be dealt with by means of the immune approach. the resultant loss of antibody formation ends up in a protracted susceptibility of the host to the pathogenic micro organism displaying such pills. It used to be came across that bacterial tablets include acidic poly saccharides. From this it that the position of the pills within the interplay of encapsulated micro organism with the host might be as a result chemistry of the capsular polysaccharides. This resulted in extensive reviews of capsular polysaccharides in lots of laboratories. Our expanding wisdom of the structural beneficial properties of capsular polysaccharides triggered not just immuno chemical stories examining the interactions of those poly saccharide antigens and characterizing the epitopes, but in addition investigations into their biosynthesis. those stories have been complemented and supported through genetic analyses. this present day many interdisciplinary investigations of capsular polysaccharides are in progress.
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Extra resources for Bacterial Capsules
Sample text
Electron microscopic analysis of thin sections from modification and transport mutants of clones expressing the Kl, K5, and Kl2 capsules (Sect. 2, BouLNOIs and ROBERTS, this volume) revealed that polysaccharide expression was blocked at 36 B. Jann and K. 3a-d. Electron microscopic analysis, on ultrathin sections from E. coli 010: KS, of the surface expression of the capsular K5 polysaccharide after temperature shift from the capsule restrictive temperature of 18 °C to the capsule permissive temperature of 37 DC.
1988) Structural studies of the Escherichia coli K93 and K53 capsular polysaccharides. Carbohydr Res 173: 53-{)4 Bayer ME, Thurow H (1977) Polysaccharide capsule of Escherichia coli: microscope study of its size, structure, and sites of synthesis. J Bacteriol 130: 911-936 Bayer ME, Carlemalm E, Kellenberger E (1985) Capsule of Escherichia coli K29: ultrastructural preservation and immunoelectron microscopy. J Bacteriol162: 985-991 Bhattacharjee AK, Jennings HJ, Kenny CP (1978) Structural elucidation of the 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid containing meningococcal 29-e capsular polysaccharide antigen using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance.
The expression kinetics of these polysaccharides in temperature upshift experiments, when measured with this technique, were in principle the same as in the bacteriophage absorption experiments. We observed that the newly exported polysaccharide accumulated in a few distinct patches on the bacterial surface before it distributed laterally and finally formed a continuous capsule (Fig. 3). There was an indication of exit at sites where the cytoplasmic and outer membranes came into close apposition.
