By Academician V. I. Trefilov (auth.), Academician V. I. Trefilov (eds.)
A multi-authored, edited paintings. This quantity varieties a finished treatise at the improvement, manufacture, checking out and functions of a wide diversity of ceramic, glass ceramic and carbon matrix composite fabrics built within the former Soviet Union. for every of those 3 sessions of composite fabrics, history thought and vast estate information also are given.
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Example text
As is known, in the absence of actions of external forces, materials may be acted upon by the field of their inherent internal (residual) stresses resulting from their manufacturing technologies. We will denote the stresses by crij and assume them to be Y-periodic in -I y= e x. 23 Structural materials It is obvious that N S &U = L (1ij = O. s= 1 s As regards mean stresses, (1ij in the sth constituent of the composite, we s will assume them to have the structure (1ij = ~s ai), where u rs is a constant depending on salone.
The further of decrease with increasing temperature is associated with the flow stress decline. At a further temperature increase, the fracture is preceded by a macroscopic plastic deformation so that of = of + do-, where o-r is the flow stress and do- the strain hardening. As the temperature rises, o-r declines while do- grows. In most cases o-f decreases more rapidly than do- grows, and therefore o-t declines steadily with increasing temperature. 4). , for V0 2 in [49]. , at the temperature T{,.
A material with a periodic structure implies a macroscopic volume (sample) of a material, composed of a periodically repeating element (cell) e Y[57]. The microstructure means that 8C 1 << I, where 8 is the characteristic dimension of the periodic cell e Y and L is the characteristic macroscopic dimension of the material sample. This makes it possible to treat the sample material as a continuum and to use asymptotic methods of averaging [57] for deriving its effective characteristics as well as local stress and strain fields.
