Download e-book for kindle: Data Structures of Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada by Johan Lewi

By Johan Lewi

This ebook is meant as a textual content for a direction in programming languages. The pre­ necessities for the sort of direction are perception in based programming and data in addition to sensible event of at the very least one (e.g., Pascal) of the programming languages handled within the publication. The emphasis is on language innovations instead of on syntactic information. The booklet covers a couple of very important language ideas which are relating to information struc­ tures. The comparability of the programming languages Pascal, Algol sixty eight, PL/1 and Ada is composed in investigating how those options are supported through each one of those languages. fascinating overview standards are generality, simplicity, protection, clarity and portability. The examine of programming languages relies on an easy version referred to as SMALL. This version serves as a didactic automobile for describing, evaluating and comparing info constructions in numerous programming languages. each one bankruptcy facilities round a particular language proposal. It comprises a normal dialogue by way of a couple of language sections, one for every of the languages Pascal, Algol sixty eight, PL/1 and Ada. every one of those sections encompasses a variety of illustrating software fragments written within the programming language involved. for every application fragment in a single language, there's the same fragment within the others. The publication will be learn "vertically" in order that the programming languages Pascal, Algol sixty eight, PL/1 and Ada are encountered in that order numerous occasions. A "horizontal" interpreting of the e-book may consist in picking out in basic terms these sections which purely crisis one language.

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Extra info for Data Structures of Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada

Example text

In the following examples, the types of the expressions denoting the atomic values are not yet included in the value-diagrams. This will be done in Chapter 9. The basic building blocks of structured programs in languages such as Pascal, Algol 68, PL/1 and Ada will be called program units. Examples of program units are begin-end blocks, procedure and function blocks (termed subroutines and functions in PL/1, and subprograms in Ada), and Ada packages. A program unit consists of declarations and statements.

This technique allows the programmer to make the definition of the deallocation process local to a program unit so that dangling references can be turned off by simply suppressing the generic instantiation. This facility seems to be very important in the context of software maintenance. declare type cell; type list is access cell; type cell is record atom : integer; next : list; end record; procedure free is new unchecked-deallocation (cell,list); ptr : list; ptr:=new cell'(O,null); begin free(ptr); ...

5, we will give the precise definition. We will explain in Chapter 6 how the call of a routine value can change the configuration of a program. 9 it is indicated that the execution of a statement and even the elaboration of a declaration are special cases of a call of a routine value, and hence they also induce a change in the configuration. For the time being, a configuration consists only of the set of atomic data. In most programming languages, most of the atomic data are language defined. In some cases, atomic data can also be created by elaborating declarations and deleted by leaving specific program units.

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