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Sample text
Skoda et al. or substrate coatings. Because of the variety of different forms of graphene and methods of synthesis existing findings regarding graphene toxicity and biological interactions are ambiguous and sometimes even contradictory [102]. Most of the experiments, including biological response and safety tests, have been conducted on graphene derivatives such as GO or rGO. This is mainly because of the easier methods of synthesis and administration and also because GO and rGO are more hydrophilic than pristine graphene.
Stainless steel 316L is one of the most commonly used materials in implant devices. It exhibits limited resistance to corrosion and wear which eventually leads to the release of potentially harmful metallic ions contributing to medical complications such as thrombus formation or cell apoptosis. Coating SS316L with graphene improved its mechanical and anticorrosive properties. Cytotoxicity studies with human endothelial cells (huvec) on ss316L coated with rGO showed no adverse effects against the cell morphology or spreading [74].
Feng L, Zhang S and Liu Z (2011) Graphene based gene transfection. Nanoscale 3:1252–1257 142. Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao Q, Huang J, Shen H, Zhang Z (2011) Enhanced chemotherapy efficacy by sequential delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs using PEI-grafted graphene oxide. Small 7(4):460–464 143. Chen B, Liu M, Zhang L, Huang J, Yao J, Zhang Z (2011) Polyethylenimine-functionalized graphene oxide as an efficient gene delivery vector. J Mater Chem 21:7736–7741 144. Wang Ch et al (2013) Multifunctional chitosan magnetic-graphene (CMG) nanoparticles: a theranostic platform for tumor-targeted co-delivery of drugs, genes and MRI contrast agents.
