Download PDF by Alfons Buekens (auth.): Incineration Technologies

By Alfons Buekens (auth.)

Waste incineration is the artwork of thoroughly combusting waste, whereas protecting or lowering emission degrees lower than present emission criteria. the place attainable, ambitions comprise the convalescing of strength in addition to the combustion residues. winning waste incineration makes it attainable to accomplish a deep relief in waste quantity, receive a compact and sterile residue, and put off a big selection of pollution.

This publication locations waste incineration in the wider context of waste administration, and demonstrates that, unlike landfills and composting, waste incineration can get rid of objectionable and dangerous homes similar to flammability and toxicity, lead to an important relief in quantity, and break gaseous and liquid waste streams leaving very little residues past these associated with flue gasoline neutralization and remedy. in addition, waste incineration sterilizes and destroys putrescible topic, and produces usable warmth.

Incineration applied sciences first seemed as a peer-reviewed contribution to the Encyclopedia of Sustainability technology and expertise. It presents particular remedy of the demanding situations of this technically advanced procedure, which calls for large funding and working bills, in addition to solid technical abilities in upkeep and plant operation. specific cognizance is paid to applied sciences for making sure the whole burn-out of flue fuel and residues and for controlling the ensuing pollution.

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9 (Fig. 5). Chlorinated Compounds Most waste contains chlorides and also chlorinated organic compounds. , heavy metals, PAH, and dioxins in MSW for fractions such as fines, vegetal, synthetic, paper, and board. All these sorting fractions are contaminated with all kinds of pollutants [32, 33]. During incineration, organic compounds are destroyed and their chlorine content is converted to HCl. Typically 50% of the Cl-content comes from PVC [38]. During combustion, PVC, as well as a vast majority of organic and inorganic chlorinated compounds, is partly or completely converted into HCl.

Draft is the most important physical factor determining incinerator capacity. Only the smallest units operate on natural draft, as generated by the chimney. Fans (forced draft) blow in primary and secondary air; a much larger fan in front of the stack provides induced draft. The stepwise extension of flue gas cleaning, necessitated by past progression of the cleaning levels, has inflated the head losses and increased the required capacity and the power consumption of induced draft fans. The residence time of gaseous and liquid wastes in an incinerator amounts to only few seconds.

Maximum related to bed density. Finally, the relation between thermal and weight capacity is also bounded, by the necessity of producing sufficient heat for heating furnace and waste; the ratio represents the heat of combustion (MJ/kg). These different boundary conditions are represented in thermal capacity vs. weight capacity diagrams, indicating the area of smooth operation of the plant. The latter is possibly extended toward low heating values 24 3 Waste Incineration by preheating combustion air or toward high-calorific waste by cooling the combustion chamber.

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