By Natarajan Manivasakam
Whereas each is raring at the availability and abundance of water, it's a unhappy indisputable fact that no longer a lot value is bestowed upon the standard of water. Adherence to the standard standards of water may lead to a greater product, safeguard of apparatus, elevated potency and avoidance of losses. even if the typically is especially to understand the standard necessities, there's a dearth of literature or even the to be had literature is scattered. This ebook offers info at the caliber standards of water for every business use and should be of curiosity to water remedy group of workers, chemists, experts, and scholars. The goal of this publication is to supply entire details at the caliber necessities of water for every business use in one quantity. just about all the foremost rainy processing industries and caliber specifications of water for such business techniques are defined during this booklet intimately. for simple realizing this e-book is split into 5 elements and each attempt is made to supply all of the attainable info for those sections. Chapters also are prepared in alphabetical order for simple entry to the necessary bankruptcy.
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Example text
Impurities in Water / Oil and Grease 45 CHAPTER - 27 OIL AND GREASE The presence of even very low concentrations of oil and greasy matter in raw water sources is undesirable due to the complications produced by them in the treatment processes such as coagulation, and sedimentation. If any of the free or emulsified oil reaches the sand filters or ion exchange beds, it will coat the grains and decrease the effectiveness of filtration and also interfere with the back washing. The presence of oil in boiler feed water may cause foaming, priming, overheating of tubes resulting in bulging or even bursting.
Carbon dioxide itself is a corrosive agent and also accelerate the rate of dissolved oxygen corrosion. In combination they are more virulent than either alone, especially if the pH is lower than 6. It is also to be mentioned that corrosion takes place only if liquid water is present. Accordingly dry steam which contains oxygen is not corrosive, but the condensate formed from such steam is very corrosive. In condensate return lines it will be found that the greatest attack is at the places where liquid water is pocketed.
The pH of a raw water used for domestic purposes is important in that it affects taste, efficiency of chlorination and treatment processes such as coagulation. The killing power of chlorine diminishes with increasing pH values and consequently it is advantageous to apply chlorine to a water with a pH value of 7 or less. Knowledge of pH is essential in the selection of coagulants for water purification. 7, whereas ferrous sulfate coagulates well at a higher pH. Ferric sulfate is effective over a wide range.
