By Norbert F. Voelkel (auth.), E. Kenneth Weir, Joseph R. Hume, John T. Reeves (eds.)
6 Ions can go through a unmarried membrane channel at a expense of 10 ions/second. during the last decade the facility to degree ion flux so accurately and to record the hole and shutting of person ion channels has supplied a strong instrument to these engaged on soft muscle body structure and vascular reactivity. using potassium channel blockers via Tom Lloyd within the Nineteen Sixties and calcium channel blockers via Ivan McMurtry within the Nineteen Seventies indicated the significance of ion flux in regulating pulmonary vascular tone. contemporary advances in know-how. mostly the patch-clamp method and fluorescent ion-sensitive dyes. now enable a extra unique description of physiologic mechanisms. This quantity arises from the 6th Grover convention at the Pulmonary circulate. a NATO complicated examine Workshop. held in Colorado in October 1992. a gaggle of foreign sCientists who're leaders within the box of ion flux targeted their awareness at the difficulties of the pulmonary vasculature. The chapters during this publication describe the current nation of information of the flow and garage of ions in vascular endothelial and delicate muscle cells. those people who are now not acquainted with the thoughts of patch clamping and calcium imaging will locate an creation to those tools within the chapters by means of Leblanc and Wan and Archer et al. The position of potassium channels in oxygen sensing illustrates the fast growth which the research of ion currents has made possible.
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Extra info for Ion Flux in Pulmonary Vascular Control
Example text
Since in this experiment membrane potential is held constant, ion channel activity is recorded in the steady-state and the ensuing type of analysis is called "stationary analysis" (2,12). In this patch, there appears to be a minimum of two "identical" BK channels jumping randomly from closed (lowest level) to open state (dashed lines). Of course CELL-ATIACHED PATCH: [K[pip A. = 150 mM B. ~ ! Jl.. LW_U >~ 0 .. 1 I',- . /q- "'~ o Amp 0, (pAl 5 v Appl • • 20 mV II I I ; 11 I I I ~'-' I .... c~ 1\ ~!
A) Continuous recording of single Ca2 +-activated K+ channels at three different potentials (V. ) as illustrated. Channel activity at 0 mV reflects the contribution ofKc. at the resting membrane potential. For V. Appl. = -20 mV and +20 mY, the patch was respectively depolarized (inside membrane more positive) and hyperpolarized (inside membrane more negative). (B) All points amplitude histograms generated from the corresponding single-channel recording shown in A. Notice that the number of events are plotted on a square root ordinate.
See text for further explanations. 22 sometimes possible to obtain a gigaohm seal by simply touching the cell surface. Monitoring of the electrical seal is accomplished by applying repetitive voltage pulses (10-20 mV in amplitude and 10-50 msec in duration) through the pipette and recording the current. Before touching the membrane, the amplitude of the current will be a direct measure of the pipette resistance as defined by Ohm's law (V = RI) and is generally in the order of 1-5 Mn. As the pipette touches the membrane, resistance to current flow increases and is viewed on the oscilloscope as a decrease in the amplitude of the current.
