By Alan Hay (auth.)
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Extra info for Transport for the Space Economy: A Geographical Study
Sample text
If on the other hand edges can cross without any junction, as for example in some railway systems, the graph is Topological Approaches to Network Form 51 F Fig. 5. The ideal networks examined by Werner's seminar (after Werner) non-planar. It is clear that most road and raH networks are planar but that some raH networks, such as London's rail system, and all airline networks are non-planar. The importance of this rule is that the formulae given above, which are for planar networks, must be 52 Transport for the Space Economy A B c E F G H Fig.
33 He suggested that in addition to a funetional role based on network form, for example the distinetion between branch lines and trunk lines, it is possible to classify routes according to the direetion of traffie. For example he distinguishes three types of branch line: those originating traffie, those with 44 Transport for the Space Economy predominantly terminating trafik and those with balanced trafik. This type of analysis proved useful in a study of the railways in AustraHa and New Zealand; it has been appHed by Wallace in the United States34 and by Turton in the United Kingdom.
Transport Demand 29 Expansion in Transport Demand An expansion of transport demand can be expected in aperiod of economic expansion, but it is necessary to distinguish between the distance and volume components of this trend. In some cases the increase is the result of increased production and consumption at established centres, and therefore only the volume of demand increases. Where however one of these activities is extensive in its use of land, both distance and volume components increase. 35 Thus for example the increase in cereal production in Canada in the nineteenth century involved an increase both in distance and in volume of transport demand.