By A Doukelis, K Panopoulos, A Koumanakos, E Kakaras
Due to their impressive hydrogen selectivity, palladium membranes have attracted huge R&D curiosity. they seem to be a strength leap forward know-how for hydrogen creation and now have promising purposes within the components of thermochemical biorefining. This booklet summarises key learn in palladium membrane applied sciences, with specific specialise in the scale-up demanding situations. After an introductory bankruptcy, half one reports the fabrication of palladium membranes. half then makes a speciality of palladium membrane module and reactor layout. the ultimate a part of the ebook reports the operation of palladium membranes for synthesis gas/hydrogen construction, carbon catch and different functions.
• assessment of manufacture and layout concerns for palladium membranes • dialogue of the purposes of palladium membrane expertise, together with sunlight steam reforming, IGCC vegetation, NGCC vegetation, CHP vegetation and hydrogen construction • Examples of the know-how in operation
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Additional info for Palladium Membrane Technology for Hydrogen Production, Carbon Capture and Other Applications Principles, Energy Production and Other Applications
Example text
P. Mardilovich (2004), Characterization of intermetallic diffusion barrier and alloy formation for Pd/Cu and Pd/ Ag porous stainless steel composite membranes, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43, 2936–2945. 35. K. Y. B. Rui, P. D. S. Lin (2009), High-temperature stability of palladium membranes on porous metal supports with different intermediate layers, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 1880–1886. Fabrication of palladium-based membranes 39 36. G. S. Lin (1997), Fabrication of thin metallic membranes by MOCVD and sputtering, Journal of Membrane Science, 133, 217–230.
The sputtering takes place in high vacuum, and argon is introduced into the chamber as the sputtering gas (pressure 10–3–10–1 Torr). The gas is ionized with a positive charge, which creates a plasma. Then a negative voltage of typically −300 V or more is applied to the target. This negative voltage attracts positive ions to the target surface at speed. As the relatively large Ar+ ions impact the target, atoms of the target material are physically removed from the target, and land on the substrate.
Yoshihara, M and McLellan, RB (1988a), “Palladium-cerium-hydrogen solid solutions – I. Thermodynamic properties”, Acta Metallurgica, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 3217–3224. Yoshihara, M and McLellan, RB (1988b), “The thermodynamics of hydrogen in palladiumyttrium solid solutions”, Acta Metallurgica, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 385–391. Yun, S and Ted Oyama, S (2011), “Correlations in palladium membranes for hydrogen separation: A review”, Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 375, no. 1–2, pp. 28–45. Zetkin, A, Kagan, G and Levin, Y (1987), “Influence of structural transformations on the diffusion parameters of deuterium in palladium-copper alloys”, The Physics of Metals and Metallography, vol.
